The Lapps lead a semi-nomadic life. The settlements in which they
live are called _pagosts_, each group of Lapps having its particular
summer and winter _pagost_. The latter is usually inland near the
forests, where they herd their deer in winter. In summer they wander
nearer to the coasts and lakes for the sake of the fishing. The
winter dwelling of the Lapp is called a _toopa_, a small smoky
sod-covered hut, covering some 150 to 200 square feet; whereas in
summer he lives in his _vieja_, a large wigwam resembling a Samoyede
_choom_, but covered over, not with skins as with the Samoyedes,
but with branches, tree-bark and turfs.
The typical Lapp is dwarf-like and thick-set. He usually wears
a grey cloth jacket, his head being encircled in a high woollen
cap tapering to a tassel at the top, while his feet, wrapped up
in rags, are then covered with big shoes. In general, his whole
appearance, with his pointed beard, bears a striking resemblance
to the familiar representations of "gnomes," as these denizens of
the subterranean world are pictured to us in fairy books.
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