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Summerfield, John

"Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words"


A Verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as,
Nedahyah, I am; Nedebahkoonewa, I rule; Nedebahkoonegoo, I am ruled.
Verbs are of three kinds, active, passive, and neuter.
A Verb Active expresses an action, and necessarily implies an agent and
an object acted upon; as, Nezhahgeah James, I love James.
A Verb Passive expresses passion or a suffering or the receiving of an
action, and implies an object acted upon, and an agent by which it is
acted upon; as, Chezhahwaneding, to be loved; John oojezhahwanemah
neen, John is loved by me.
A Verb Neuter expresses neither action nor passion, but being or a state
of being; as, Nenebah, I sleep; Nenahmahdub, I sit.
Verbs have number, person, mood and tense.
NUMBER AND PERSON.
Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural.
There are three persons in each number; as,
Pers. _Singular._ _Plural._
1. Nezhahwanega, I love. Nezhahwanegamin, we love.
2. Kezhahwanega, thou lovest. Kezhahwanegaim, you love.
3. Zhawanega, he loves. Zhahwanegawug, they love.
MOOD.
The moods are five, Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Potential, and
the Infinitive.
The Indicative declares or affirms positively, or it asks a question;
as, Zhahwanega, he loves; Zhahwaneganah? Does he love?
The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner;
as, Kespin zhahwanegaid, if he loves.


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